Wednesday, October 31, 2012

FOX News: Study reveals why NBA players miss free throws

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Study reveals why NBA players miss free throws
Nov 1st 2012, 00:41

Many fans may wonder why so many NBA players struggle with free throws, such as newly acquired Los Angeles Laker Dwight Howard. He made just three of 14 attempts in his Oct. 30 season debut -- and less than one-half of his tries last season. New research may offer Howard and other NBA stars who struggle at the free-throw line a method to identify exactly why their shots go awry.

Using data from a 3-D optical tracking system, researchers studied the trajectory of over 2,400 free throws taken by 20 players during the 2010-11 NBA season. The researchers concluded that in most cases one or two factors are responsible for most misses, but that the cause of success or failure was not consistent: each player missed in his own way.

The research team, Allan Z. Maymin, Philip Z. Maymin, and Eugene Shen, comes from the world of finance. They study how to analyze and act on huge volumes of data via technical methods known as high-frequency and algorithmic-based trading.

Philip Maymin, a professor of financial engineering at the Polytechnic Institute of New York University, in Brooklyn, told Inside Science that many of these methods are applicable to analyzing sports.

"What we've been trying to do is apply the insights, tools and techniques from cutting-edge financial research to basketball," said Maymin.

The researchers examined the flight of free throws based upon a physical model that took into account five major factors, including backspin, launch height, velocity, angle, and left-right deviation. Their analysis, published in the Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, can attribute a reason to each free-throw miss, such as if the shot was launched too hard or aimed poorly. Players seemed to miss for different reasons.

"The bottom line result is everybody's problem was different. There's no one thing that everybody is doing wrong," said Maymin. "If you look at [Dallas Maverick] Dirk Nowitzki's misses, they're completely different than [New York Knick] Tyson Chandler's misses. It's a completely different thing that needs to be worked on."

Larry Silverberg, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, who previously studied free throws and bank shots, said the researchers asked an interesting question.

"This is one of the first [basketball] studies I've seen where they've really have tried to analyze what people are doing right or what people are doing wrong," said Silverberg. "By monitoring the trajectories, you can, in a more systematic way, identify what's wrong and then potentially give the opportunity for the player to improve what's wrong much easier."

The data was provided by STATS LLC, a company that collects and distributes sports statistics and analysis. They use a tracking system called SportVU to collect a continuous stream of data during basketball games as well as other sporting events.

"The system is built and optimized to collect location data," said Brian Kopp, the head of STATS' Sports Solutions Group.

For basketball, 25 times each second a set of six cameras collects position data on the 10 players on the floor, the referees, and the ball. The system is currently installed in 13 NBA arenas.

The system provides an immense amount of data, which can then be made richer through the combination with other data such as play by play information. Access to this new form of data made the new research possible.

"There's no way this would have been able to be answered without 25 frames per second looking at the center of mass of the basketball and the trajectory," said Maymin.

The data allows scientists to provide coaches and players with a new type of objective information.

"You have a lot of sports where you have motion of inanimate objects, like a basketball," said Silverberg. "In all those sports, you can analyze the trajectories of those inanimate objects, which is a little easier than analyzing the motion of a human body because the human body has more complex motions."

The researchers used just a small portion of the data for this project. The same kind of optical tracking data enabled another set of researchers to study rebounding at an unprecedented level.

Other analyses could illuminate important insights into defense or passing and even collect data that has never appeared in a box score, such as the distance run by each player during a game.

"We're beyond a lot of the initial technical hurdles and now the next challenge or the next hill to climb is, you're collecting all this data, you're linking it all together, now what does it tell me?" said Kopp.

Maymin said he and his colleagues have discussed the free-throw research with some NBA organizations. Next, they may investigate jump shots. However, the additional variables at play, including the shooter's motion before, during and after the shot, would make this much more difficult.

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FOX News: 100-year-old volcano ash in Alaska kicked up by winds

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100-year-old volcano ash in Alaska kicked up by winds
Oct 31st 2012, 23:08

JUNEAU, Alaska –  A smog-like haze that hung over part of Alaska's Kodiak Island this week was courtesy of a volcanic eruption -- 100 years ago.

The National Weather Service says strong winds and a lack of snow Tuesday helped stir up ash from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, the largest volcanic blast of the 20th century.

This week, ash from the volcano drifted to about 4,000 feet and across Kodiak Island, prompting an aviation alert. The news was first reported by KMXT radio.

Weather service meteorologist Brian Hagenbuch said the event isn't unheard of, but isn't very common, either.

When Novarupta erupted in June 1912, it spit ash as high as 100,000 feet above the sparsely populated Katmai region, covering the remote valley to depths up to 700 feet.

The volcanic cloud spread across the U.S. and traveled as far as Algeria in northern Africa in what was one of the five largest volcanic eruptions in recorded history.

Dave Schneider, a geophysicist with the Alaska Volcano Observatory, said it's no surprise a lot of ash remains at Novarupta. He said it will be that way for "many, many more years."

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FOX News: Acer delays Windows 8 tablets, shows off Megan Fox

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Acer delays Windows 8 tablets, shows off Megan Fox
Oct 31st 2012, 18:30

If you needed any more convincing that Windows 8 and Windows RT are two separate and distinct operating systems, look no further than Acer.

The Taiwanese computer maker threw its full weight behind Windows 8 laptops , culminating in a newly announced high-dollar holiday ad campaign starring Hollywood celebrities Megan Fox and Kiefer Sutherland and designed to draw attention to the company's Aspire S5 and S7 Ultrabooks.

The same day that the company pulled back on the curtain on that awareness-raising endeavor, however, Acer president Jim Wong said that plans to release a Windows RT tablet have been pushed back until at least the second quarter of next year, ostensibly due to concerns raised by Microsoft's Surface tablet.

"Originally we had a very aggressive plan to come out very early next year but because of Surface, our R&D development doesn't stop, but we are much more cautious," Wong told Reuters, citing Microsoft's decision to launch the Surface for $499 after Lenovo and Asus had already announced $599 price points for their Windows RT tablets. He said the company will carefully watch Microsoft's moves and gauge consumer interest in the interim.

Acer's senior management has long been a vocal critic of the Surface tablet, going so far as to warn Microsoft to "think twice" about releasing the slate. The launch delay gives the company time to draw up an attractive competitor to Microsoft's strongly designed offering, and it also gives the Windows Store's nascent app ecosystem — a Windows RT tablet's lifeblood — time to develop and grow.

Acer's already offering full-fledged Windows 8 tablets in the form of the Acer Iconia W700 and Iconia W510, flanked by a bevy of more traditional Windows 8 notebooks such as the aforementioned Acer Aspire S7. The company's first fourth-quarter commercial stars that very Ultrabook, Megan Fox and talking dolphins, as you can see below. Check out Acer's YouTube channel for a behind-the-scenes look at the making of the video and more.

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FOX News: Scientists dispute politicians’ claims that global warming grew Sandy

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Scientists dispute politicians' claims that global warming grew Sandy
Oct 31st 2012, 16:00

Sandy soaked the East Coast -- but is global warming to blame?

New York Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo and Mayor Mike Bloomberg told the country in no uncertain terms on Tuesday that devastating superstorm Sandy was clear proof of climate change.

'Anyone who says there's not a dramatic change in weather patterns, I think is denying reality," Cuomo said in a press conference. "What is clear is that the storms that we've experienced in the last year or so, around this country and around the world, are much more severe than before," Bloomberg agreed.

But scientists say the evidence is far less concrete than the politicians appear to believe.

Martin Hoerling, a meteorologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), said Sandy wasn't boosted by global warming -- the storm merely revealed natural forces at work.

'Neither the frequency of tropical or extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic are projected to appreciably change due to climate change.'

- NOAA meteorologist Martin Hoerling

"Great events can have little causes," he told the New York Times. "In this case, the immediate cause is most likely little more that the coincidental alignment of a tropical storm with an extratropical storm."

Indeed, rather than fueling the storm, Hoerling stressed that climate change has little to no effect upon hurricanes.

"Neither the frequency of tropical or extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic are projected to appreciably change due to climate change, nor have there been indications of a change in their statistical behavior over this region in recent decades," he said.

Andrew Weaver, a climate scientist with Canada's University of Victoria, agreed that climate change didn't make an ordinary storm extraordinary.

"The ingredients of this storm seem a little bit cooked by climate change, but the overall storm is difficult to attribute to global warming," Weaver told the Associated Press.

But the science is anything but clear cut. Michael Mann, a Penn State University scientist who has been studying the climate for decades, said that ocean waters were about 1 degree warmer thanks to manmade climate change, one factor that clearly caused Sandy to swell.

Others pressed for policy to deal with global warming, arguing that the such storms are clear proof of man's effect on the planet -- and we're in for it in the future.

"The terrifying truth is that America faces a future full of Frankenstorms," said Shaye Wolf, climate science director at the Center for Biological Diversity. "Climate change raises sea levels and supersizes storms. The threat of killer winds and crushing storm surges will grow by the year unless we get serious about tackling greenhouse gas pollution."

To further complicate matters, climate scientists and hurricane experts largely conclude that as the climate warms, there will be fewer hurricanes overall, although those that hit will be stronger and wetter, according to the Associated Press.

So why was Sandy such a doozy?

Several factors contributed to the strength of the hurricane, beyond the standard elements that cause the storms to brew up in the tropics: a low-pressure trough dipping from the Arctic, higher tides thanks to a full moon, and a high-pressure system pushing the storm onshore.

"You've got three factors here that have come together in just the right pattern to create a storm of this type," David Robinson, a Rutgers University professor and New Jersey's state climatologist, told LiveScience. "That's why it's very rare."

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FOX News: Could the age of computers have begun in Victorian England?

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Could the age of computers have begun in Victorian England?
Oct 31st 2012, 15:25

A Victorian-era device might have jumpstarted the Computer Age more than 100 years before the first personal computers of Bill Gates or Steve Jobs.

That century-old dream has inspired a British programmer to launch a crowd-funding effort that can finally make the steam-powered "Analytical Engine" a reality.

The early computer concept — a brass-and-iron machine the size of a small steam locomotive — came from the mind of Charles Babbage, a famed mathematician who tinkered with different designs for the Analytical Engine until his death in 1871. The Plan 28 project aims to build Babbage's machine by raising $8 million (5 million in British pounds) over the next 10 years.

"The Analytical Engine would have been the world's first computer," said John Graham-Cumming, a programmer and director of Plan 28.

'The Analytical Engine would have been the world's first computer.'

- Computer programmer John Graham-Cumming

Victorian-era technology could only do so much. Babbage envisioned a general-purpose computer with just 1 kilobyte of memory — 500,000 times less than the memory of an iPhone 4 — that would have worked 13,000 times slower than the ZX81 home computer made in 1981.

But the Analytical Engine still had the same basic blueprint used by modern digital computers. It had a "Store" for holding numbers and results, a "Mill" for crunching numbers, and could even show its results through devices such as an attached printer. Programs were written in punched cards that represent pieces of stiff paper with holes similar to what some modern voting machines use today.

Such a computer might have changed history at a time when the Industrial Revolution, modern science, new inventions and Imperial British expansion were already reshaping the world. [Top 10 Life-Changing Inventions]

"I think a similar outpouring of ideas would have been generated as we saw when the computer age got started in the 20th century," Graham-Cumming told TechNewsDaily. "The big question is, who would have got to use it; perhaps the military, perhaps the government, perhaps the companies driving the British Empire."

The British government showed early interest in funding one of Babbage's simpler calculating devices, called the Difference Engine No. 1, but cut off funding by 1842. When Babbage died in 1871, none of his machines had been fully built.

One of Babbage's close friends and a fellow mathematician, Ada Lovelace, helped expand on the Analytical Engine's idea while translating a short Italian article about the device. Lovelace's translated article included her own sketches of programs for the machine — earning her the honor of being considered history's first computer programmer.

Modern experts have since built two replicas of Babbage's Difference Engine No. 2 on display in London's Science Museum and the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, Calif. The London museum's version helped inspire Graham-Cumming to dare dream of building the Analytical Engine.

"There are literally thousands of pages of hand-written notes left by Babbage and hundreds of large scale plans of the machine," Graham-Cumming explained. "They represent a lifetime of working on the Analytical Engine."

Plan 28 first needs to settle on a single design for the Analytical Engine. A computer simulation could then help test the functionality of the machine before committing to build the huge physical replica.

"Babbage constantly improved his designs and the notes and plans represent a succession of refinements and improvements," Graham-Cumming said. "We think it will take a couple of years to really settle on a plan that Babbage himself would recognize as his machine."

Copyright 2012 TechNewsDaily, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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FOX News: 'Snakeskin' for soldiers repels chemical attacks

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'Snakeskin' for soldiers repels chemical attacks
Oct 31st 2012, 15:15

Soldiers may 'asp' for it by name.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has created a new material for military uniforms that can automatically repel chemical and biological agents -- and shed contaminated layers like a snakeskin.

The new cutting-edge fabric, which is made from tiny carbon nanotubes, has pores just a few nanometers wide. When a warfighter encounters a chemical or biological attack, the fabric switches from resting into a protective state, closing those pores to block the attack.

As an added defense mechanism, this second skin will peel off or shed the contaminated surface layer, like a snake shedding its skin. Just as human skin responds to threats, so too will the fabric exfoliate in reaction to chemical agents.

How big is a nanometer?

A new cutting-edge fabric is made from tiny carbon tubes and has pores just a few nanometers wide. How big is that? 

A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. 

A typical germ is about 1,000 nanometers.

The smallest parts on Intel's latest processors are 20 nanometers. 

A water molecule is less than one nanometer. 

"The uniform will be like a smart second skin that responds to the environment," said Francesco Fornasiero, LLNL's principal investigator for the project. 

The new material's pores are made from vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. The surface of the nanotubes is modified with a "functional layer" that is responsive to chemical warfare agents.

Since the pores are already incredibly tiny, just a few nanometers across, they will successfully block biological agents like viruses or bacteria that are approximately 10 nanometers.

Blocking smaller chemical agents is tougher, however, meaning the membrane pores need to be smart and react.

The team is therefore modifying the original prototype to include "functional groups" with the ability to sense and then block these threat. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory describes these groups as gatekeepers at an entrance.

The fabric will stop attacks from blister agent sulfur mustard and VX nerve agents through to toxins and even biological spores like anthrax. Yet it can breathe, important to reduce the risk of heat fatigue and stress.

Conventional protective military uniforms take a passive approach: heavyweight full-barrier protection or absorptive over-garments work but they're cumbersome and hot.

The team says they have successfully demonstrated breathability in their prototype membranes, in spite of the tiny pore size. The carbon nanotube pores are two orders of magnitude faster at transporting gas than ordinary pores, boosting breathability in the ground-breaking composite material.

The five-year, $13 million Defense Threat Reduction Agency project is led by Lawrence Livermore in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Rutgers University, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center and Chasm Technologies Inc.

Ballet dancer turned defense specialist Allison Barrie has traveled around the world covering the military, terrorism, weapons advancements and life on the front line. You can reach her at wargames@foxnews.com or follow her on Twitter @Allison_Barrie.

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FOX News: Mars dirt similar to Hawaiian volcanic soil

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Mars dirt similar to Hawaiian volcanic soil
Oct 31st 2012, 12:00

The first-ever in-depth analysis of Martian dirt reveals a mineralogical makeup similar to that of Hawaiian volcanic soils, researchers announced Tuesday.

The results come from NASA's Mars rover Curiosity, which recently studied a scoop of Red Planet dirt with its Chemistry and Mineralogy instrument, or CheMin, for the first time.

"This Martian soil that we've analyzed on Mars just this past week appears mineralogically similar to some weathered basaltic materials that we see on Earth," David Bish, a CheMin co-investigator with Indiana University, told reporters. He cited as an example the "weathered soils on the flanks of Mauna Kea in Hawaii."

CheMin is one of 10 science instruments that Curiosity is using to determine if its Gale Crater landing site could ever have supported microbial life. CheMin studies soil and powdered rock samples using a technique called X-ray diffraction, which reads the structure of minerals by interpreting how X-rays bounce off of them. [Gallery: Latest Photos from Curiosity]

What was expected

'[It's like the] weathered soils on the flanks of Mauna Kea in Hawaii.'

- David Bish, an Indiana University scientist who investigated data from the Mars rover

X-ray diffraction is standard practice for geologists here on Earth, but Curiosity is the first robot ever to employ it on another planet, researchers said. The mission team had to shrink the necessary gear from the size of a refrigerator down to that of a shoebox to get CheMin to fit on the car-size rover, which landed on Mars in August.

"We can tell you, first of all, what minerals are present, and secondly, how much of each mineral is there," said CheMin principal investigator David Blake, of NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif. "So it's really the first full-up quantitative instrument for doing this work on Mars."

CheMin's first results — obtained using soil Curiosity scooped at a site called "Rocknest" — aren't terribly surprising, researchers said.

"Much of Mars is covered with dust, and we had an incomplete understanding of its mineralogy," Bish said in a statement. "We now know it is mineralogically similar to basaltic material, with significant amounts of feldspar, pyroxene and olivine, which was not unexpected. Roughly half the soil is non-crystalline material, such as volcanic glass or products from weathering of the glass."

The sample contains at least two components: particles distributed globally by Martian dust storms and sand that appears to have originated locally, in Gale Crater. In contrast to the conglomerate rocks Curiosity discovered a month or so ago, there is no evidence of strong interaction with liquid water in the Rocknest sample, researchers said.

"So far, the materials Curiosity has analyzed are consistent with our initial ideas of the deposits in Gale Crater recording a transition through time from a wet to dry environment," Bish said. "The ancient rocks, such as the conglomerates, suggest flowing water, while the minerals in the younger soil are consistent with limited interaction with water."

Next up

Curiosity has been at Rocknest for about a month. During this time, the $2.5 billion rover has been gearing up for its first scooping activities and preparing to use CheMin and its Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument for the first time.

Like CheMin, SAM sits on Curiosity's body and analyzes samples dropped in by the rover's 7-foot-long (2.1 meters) robotic arm. SAM can identify organic compounds, the carbon-containing building blocks of life as we know it.

The first SAM soil results should come in soon, mission scientists said.

"We hope to be at this location for about another week, and today we will begin the uplinking process for the part of the experiment that feeds the sample eventually to the SAM instrument," said Curiosity lead scientist John Grotzinger, of Caltech in Pasadena. "About a week or 10 days from now, we should be getting data back from the conclusion of that."

SAM has already been sniffing the Martian atmosphere for traces of methane, a gas that is commonly produced by living organisms here on Earth. The mission team isn't ready to announce any results from this activity yet but should be soon.

"Stay tuned," Grotzinger said.

While at Rocknest, Curiosity has also been studying Red Planet rocks with some of its cameras and other instruments.

For example, last week the rover blasted a miniature system of natural arches — dubbed "Stonehenge" by some mission team members — with the laser on its ChemCam instrument. ChemCam determines mineral composition by analyzing the vaporized bits this laser produces.

Curiosity landed inside Gale Crater on Aug. 5. Its main destination is the base of Mount Sharp, the 3.4-mile-high (5.5 km) mountain rising from the crater's center. Mars-orbiting spacecraft have spotted signs that Mount Sharp's foothills were exposed to liquid water long ago.

These interesting deposits lie about 6 miles (10 km) from Curiosity's landing site. Scientists want the rover to perform its first drilling activity at or near Rocknest, but Curiosity should start heading toward Mount Sharp when that's done — perhaps around the end of the year, Grotzinger has said.

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FOX News: Favorite gadgets to help weather the superstorm

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Favorite gadgets to help weather the superstorm
Oct 30th 2012, 21:00

NEW YORK –  When the subway floods, when the tree falls, when I'm feeling trapped, I simply remember my favorite gadgets and then I don't feel so strapped.

After the potable water, candles, med kit, and non-perishable food stuffs have been stored, the next items on many people's emergency response lists are the gadgets and gimcracks that can help families endure a storm--and the days without power that may follow. 

As major storms become increasingly common events, some devices are proving to be more useful than others. Here's a list of my current favorite gadgets that can help those enduring Mother Nature's wrath.

Smartphone With Longevity
When it comes to mobile phones, battery life suddenly trumps all other features when the wind and rains come. Motorola's Razr Android phones lead the pack lasting for days under moderate usage without the need to plug in. Built like a Hummer, the Kevlar-backed Motorola Razr Maxx is $200 from Verizon. This phone is rated to last for 21.5 hours of talk time, but it's not uncommon to have its useful life stretch for several days with moderate texting, Web surfing, and calling. 

The Razr Maxx also doesn't seem to suffer from a weakness I've seen on competing models, which often deplete their batteries searching for a non-existent signal (something that can happen quickly when weather has knocked out nearby cell towers). The Razr Maxx also has a bright, crisp 4.3-inch Super AMOLED screen that makes it easy to view posts and e-mail messages from friends and relatives. 

Looking for a bargain? Get the Motorola Razr M. It's just $100 with a two-year contract, and I've had a model last for two full days of moderate texting and e-mailing.

Solar Charging
After the storm has passed, we've learned the hard way that power may not be restored for several days. So having a way to charge a phone or other device even when the power's out can be essential. The $70 Solio Bolt does the job with a built-in battery and two small solar panels that work when the sun comes out. 

Before the storm comes, the Bolt's battery can be charged via a wall plug and the company says the battery will hold its charge for up to a year (although I wouldn't count on that). It has USB and micro USB ports, so it can recharge a variety of small, portable devices, and it's rated to provide two full charges to most smart phones. When the battery is done, it takes about 9 hours of sunlight to power it up again.

Radio Contact
One of the best ways to get information about school closings, storm progress, and news updates is via that old-fashion thing called a radio. There are plenty of portable battery powered models around, but one I use that does double duty as a snazzy table-top model when the weather is fine is the Tivoli Songbook

The $200 AM/FM clock radio has a rubberize exterior, making it water resistant. It can be plugged in during fair weather, and then run off disposable AA batteries or rechargeable NiMH/NiCAD batteries when you're socked in. Conveniently, it will also charge NiMH/NiCAD when it's plugged in. One hallmark of the Songbook is its excellent reception--critical in a storm. It's also known for its pleasing sound quality, which makes it ideal when you just want to listen to music while playing Monopoly by candle light.

Reading in the Dark
Nothing beats a book when the electricity is out, but dedicated e-readers come close. While a color tablet can die on you before the first blackout day is over, monochrome dedicated e-readers that use e-ink technology will last for days. 

Barnes and Noble's Nook Simple Touch with GlowLight, as the name implies, has a built-in light that can be turned on or off. Its 6-inch black-and-white screen is perfect for readers (no LCD eye strain) and it should last for roughly 30 hours of reading time--assuming you keep the light off most of the time and the wireless functions off. 

Amazon's comparable Kindle Paperwhite also has a built in light and with roughly the same battery life. Both models are reasonably priced at $119--but look for even lower prices this holiday season as dedicated e-readers are pressured by increasingly popular tablet computers.

Light Up
The first thing I reach for every time the power goes out is the nearest flashlight. An LED model is the best choice because they require less battery power (so they last longer than regular incandescent models) and they tend to be more durable old-fashioned bulb designs or CFL lanterns. My favorite standby in this category is the Princeton Torrent LED ($40 to $75). 

It's waterproof and has a locking switch to prevent it from getting accidentally turned on in a jammed storage bin or glove compartment and draining the batteries. The Torrent is rated for 126 lumens of brightness--so it can cut through a rainy night--and it should last for roughly 30 hours on 8 AAA batteries. 

When the lights go out, all you have to do is remember where you stashed it.

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FOX News: Russian cargo ship launches on Halloween mission to space station

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Russian cargo ship launches on Halloween mission to space station
Oct 31st 2012, 12:00

A robotic Russian cargo vessel blasted off Oct. 31, carrying nearly 3 tons of supplies on a Halloween delivery mission to the International Space Station.

The unmanned Progress 49 spacecraft launched from Kazakhstan's Baikonur Cosmodrome at 3:41 a.m. EDT (0741 GMT) today and is slated to arrive at the orbiting lab six hours later. You can watch the rendezvous and docking activities live here on NASA TV, beginning at 9 a.m. EDT (1300 GMT).

Progress 49 is toting 2.9 tons of supplies, including 2,050 pounds (930 kilograms) of propellant, 926 pounds (420 kg) of water, 62 pounds (28 kg) of oxygen and 2,738 pounds (1,242 kg) of spare parts, NASA officials said. There's no word yet on whether any candy corn or miniature chocolate bars made it onboard to help the space station's six astronauts celebrate the season.

Life on orbit is always busy, but this week is particularly jam-packed for station crew.

For example, today's launch comes just three days after SpaceX's unmanned Dragon capsule left the station, wrapping up the first-ever commercial cargo mission to the $100 billion orbiting complex. Dragon splashed down in the Pacific Ocean off the Baja California coast on Sunday afternoon (Oct. 28).

Dragon will make at least 11 more flights to the station under a $1.6 billion contract that California-based SpaceX signed with NASA. Its next launch is currently scheduled for January, agency officials have said.

Dragon is unique in its ability to ferry hardware, supplies and scientific experiments both to and from the space station. All other cargo craft currently operating — including Russia's Progress ships — carry supplies to the orbiting lab but burn up upon re-entering Earth's atmosphere.

Shortly after welcoming Progress 49 to the station, crewmembers will turn their attention to another task. NASA astronaut Sunita Williams, commander of the orbiting complex's current Expedition 33 mission, and Japanese colleague Akihiko Hoshide will perform a spacewalk Thursday morning (Nov. 1).

Beginning at 8:15 a.m. EDT (1215 GMT) Thursday, Williams and Hoshide will venture to the port side of the station's backbone-like truss to repair an ammonia leak in a radiator. The spacewalk should take about 6 1/2 hours, NASA officials said.

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FOX News: True Halloween horror stories from space

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True Halloween horror stories from space
Oct 31st 2012, 13:12

There's nothing like a good horror story in space. 

I grew up watching Sigourney Weaver outsmart xenomorphs in her underwear and subsequently spent a little too much time reading the likes of Stephen King's "I am the Doorway," H.P. Lovecraft's "In the Walls of Eryx" and John Steakley's "Armor."

As a result, it's hard for me to read about space exploration without thinking of about its darker possibilities -- and I don't just mean aliens and distant Hell worlds. Leaving Earth's atmosphere is a dangerous endeavor and, major tragedies aside, there have been a number of smaller terrifying, grotesque and absurd episodes to come out of it.

So if you'll allow me to serve as your cosmic Crypt Keeper for a few minutes, I thought I'd run though a few of the ones that get under my skin.

Space Corpses in Sky

Space exploration research has claimed a number of animal lives, and while the idea of sacrificing monkeys and dogs on the altar of science is rather disheartening, the notion that there are dead simian and canine space explorers in orbit right now just adds to the creepiness.

Several early space missions involved re-entry procedures, but not every spacecraft was recovered. This leads many to theorize that perhaps dozens of mummified animals are still making the orbital rounds up there. Think about that the next time you wish upon a star.

Wolf Food from Heaven

[Related: Flying to the Moon: A Dead End?]

All right, so that last bit of space horror was more disgusting than terrifying. It wasn't near as bad as, say, being eaten alive by wolves.

Yet that's a fate that cosmonaut Alexei Leonov barely avoided in 1965. He performed the first space walk on his mission, but experienced both air leaks and material unexpected stiffening -- the latter of which made cramming himself back in the capsule a very near thing.

He actually had to lower suit pressure and risk the bends scrambling back inside! Finally, Voskhod 2 went off course during re-entry and landed in the Ural mountains where Leonov and his commander were forced to wait for rescue amid the howls of hungry wolves.

Apollo Toilet Horrors

On May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard wet his pants aboard Freedom 7, but Apollo bathroom facilities would get a lot worse before they got any better.

I don't think I'm the only guy to find something fundamentally frightening about a urinal that consists only of a "condom-like fitting," a valve and the empty void of outer space. I keep thinking about that scene from "Goldfinger."

And if that wasn't bad enough, space writer Andrew Chaikin's description of going No. 2 in orbit is even worse.

In "A Man on the Moon: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts," he writes about a special plastic bag that resembles "a top hat with an adhesive coating on the brim." I think you can guess how this works. Then, the whole spectacle gets even worse when you have to knead germicide into the contents.

[Related: Space Station Realities Ground Moon Mission]

According to Chaikin, one Apollo 7 astronaut shared this bit of advice on the whole ghastly endeavor: "Get naked, allow an hour, have plenty of tissues handy."

Decompression Blues

Decompression is nasty business. If you've ever watched "2001: A Space Odyssey," "Firefly," "Outland" or either of two James Bond films, then you have at least a fiction-obscured understanding of this.

All three crewmembers of Soyuz 11 died when depressurized during re-entry, but in 1965, a technician at Johnson Space Center in Houston lived to tell about the experience. While inside a vacuum chamber, the tech accidentally depressurized his space suit. His last memory before losing consciousness? The sensation of the moisture on his tongue beginning to boil.

The experts don't all agree on the full symptoms of rapid decompression, but among the possibilities are swollen flesh, vaporizing blood, exploding eyeballs and ruptured lungs.

Space Beast (With Two Backs)

Microgravity sex is a topic of immense interest to teenage fanboys and scientists alike. Yet while the former are into it more for the prospect of kinky encounters of the fourth kind, the latter recognize it as a necessary fact of not only prolonged space missions, but the future of the human species itself.

If we're ever going to leave the nest, so to speak, we're going to have to learn our way around extraterrestrial sex.

Both the United States and the former Soviet Union explored this topic from a space medicine standpoint, but (unless you believe the conspiracy theories) it took a former "Beastmaster" actress to take on Newton's laws of motion and actually design special garments for the act.

Vanna Bonta's 2suit, according to Wired, is basically a pair of twin jumpsuits that open in the front (kind of like the creepy wing monsters in "Beastmaster") and fasten to each other with Velcro strips and zippers. Then you can fasten the whole two-person sex pod to a stable object -- like Captain Pike or a Guild Navigator.

So is space sex still appealing, sci-fi fans? Or does it just seem awkward and creepy?

So there you have it: a quick glance at space exploration's dark corners, where monkey tombs orbit the Earth, blood vaporizes, urine freezes and sacks full of coupling cosmonauts bump rhythmically against the airlock hatch. Take some of that nightmare fuel with you this Halloween weekend.

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Tuesday, October 30, 2012

FOX News: Review: Apple iPad mini smaller, still the gold standard

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Review: Apple iPad mini smaller, still the gold standard
Oct 31st 2012, 01:00

It's just a runty iPad, but the new iPad mini somehow manages to establish its very own identity. I've been using the latest from Apple for a week now and I have to say: This little guy may be small but he performs big.

When the first iPad launched two years ago, people joked that it was just a big fat iPod Touch. And they were right, it basically was. But it was unique at the same time. So unique in fact that it became the industry standard for tablet computers. And the fastest selling consumer electronics device in history.

Likewise, the iPad mini is just a smaller iPad -- but it's such a cozy little device that it gives you the feeling of holding the Internet in your hands with an intimacy that the Mama iPad simply doesn't provide.

With the launch of the iPad mini, Apple is looking to sell to users who wouldn't otherwise own an iPad but want one, luring them in with the smaller form factor, lower price, and stunning hardware.

A brief history of the iPad

The 7-inch iPad mini is the kid brother of three full-sized models. Here are Apple's iPad releases since its debut in 2010:

-- the iPad, April 3, 2010.
Original model, unveiled by Steve Jobs on Jan. 27, 2010. News. Review.

-- the iPad 2, March 11, 2011.
A faster processor, thinner. Comes with two cameras for taking photos and video chatting. Announced March 2, 2011. News. Review.

-- the new iPad (third generation), March 16, 2012
Faster processor, much sharper screen and improved camera. Announced by Tim Cook March 7, 2012. News. Review.

At 7.8 inches, the mini is much lighter and more portable than the original 9.7-inch iPad. I don't usually feel burdened by my iPad but some users complain that it is too heavy to read in bed with, and it certainly isn't sized for a purse. The mini fits nicely in my man purse, but I'm speaking for the ladies here as well. The iPad mini is far more lady-purse friendly!

Using the mini with one hand opens new possibilities: reading books and articles while holding a pole on the bus or subway, for example. Or browsing the web while enjoying a nice warm cup of coffee, perhaps. One-handed reading is a cozy habit that is precluded if you use a larger iPad.

The 7-inch screen allows for easy thumb typing in portrait mode, although I didn't really enjoy typing in landscape. My hands are a little too big for that. You know what they say about a man with large hands? It's hard to type on 7-inch tablets, of course!

Despite the cheaper price, the iPad mini doesn't feel cheap. Quite the opposite. When I picked it up, I was reminded of the first time I held a first-generation iPhone. It feels sturdy. Hand-crafted. Expertly made.

As for apps, by now most users are familiar with the variety in the App Store. There are hundreds of thousands of apps that were designed for the iPad which scale down beautifully for the mini's smaller screen. Even iPhone apps that never looked quite right on an iPad look less awkward on the smaller device.

After a few days I started to prefer the mini to my larger iPad despite its lack of a Retina screen. It even made my larger iPad look old fashioned. Awkwardly large. The mini is fast, impressively light -- weighing in at just over 10 ounces -- and easy to keep with me at all times. The only thing I don't enjoy as much with the mini is watching videos. It seems the crystal-clear Retina display in the newer (and larger) iPads has spoiled me.

The iPad mini comes with a 5-megapixel camera on the back and an HD camera in front, which is great for FaceTime chats. It also comes in both Wi-Fi and LTE configurations with plans on AT&T, Verizon and Sprint.

To get your hands on an iPad mini you'll pay $129 more than you will for Google's Nexus 7 and the Kindle Fire HD. Apple no doubt wants to compete with those 7-inch tablets -- so why did the company price its offering above these competitors? 

Because Apple can. 

Those tablets don't have the complete experience that the iPad does. Come on: The iPad is still the gold standard for tablet computing after all. With stellar hardware and hundreds of thousands of apps, the iPad is the Kleenex of facial tissue. The Tivo of DVRs. It has all the perks of using an iOS device: AppStore, iMessages, FaceTime, etc. 

It's the iPad. Just runtier.

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FOX News: Bone-chilling science: the scariest experiments ever

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Bone-chilling science: the scariest experiments ever
Oct 30th 2012, 17:00

Since Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, the popular imagination has been alive with stories of mad scientists and the chilling experiments they conduct. But sometimes, real life is even more frightening than fiction.

From zombie dogs to mind control, here are some of the scariest experiments ever done.

1. Earth-swallowing black holes

When physicists first flipped the switch on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at least a few people held their breath. For years, rumors had circulated that the particle accelerator could create mini black holes that would destroy Earth. In 2008, a group even filed suit to stop the particle collider from turning on, arguing that the atomic collisions could cause the end of the world. [Top 10 Ways to Destroy Earth]

Though it sounded slightly plausible, there's basically no chance that the LHC will destroy the Earth. A comprehensive study calculated that cosmic rays bombarding Earth routinely create higher energy collisions than the particle accelerator. According to that study, "nature has already conducted the equivalent of about a hundred thousand LHC experimental programs on Earth already — and the planet still exists."

Of course, even if the world is destroyed, at least we have a consolation prize: Earlier this year, physicists at the Swiss site announced they had found a particle that may be the Higgs boson, the elusive particle thought to give all other particles their mass.

2. Zombie dogs

In 1940, Russian scientists released a video of severed dog heads that were kept alive for several hours, wiggling their ears in response to sounds and even licking their mouths. The scientists claimed they could keep the animals alive by an artificial blood circulation system.

But that was just the first time scientists had created zombie dogs. In 2005, American scientists created another pack of zombie dogs. The team rapidly killed the dogs by flushing all the blood from their bodies and replacing it with oxygen- and sugar-filled saline, according to the researchers from the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research at the University of Pittsburgh.

Three hours later, the team gave the dogs a blood transfusion, and an electric shock. The dogs were resurrected, and while some had permanent damage, most were no worse for wear. The research, published in the Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, suggested that the treatment could one day revive people who are hemorrhaging blood too quickly for doctors to repair their injuries.

3. Mind control

Talk about a bad trip. In the 1950s, the CIA launched a top-secret program called MKULTRA to look for drugs and other techniques to use in mind control. Over the next two decades, the agency used hallucinogens, sleep deprivation and electrical shock techniques in an effort to perfect brainwashing.

CIA scientists conducted more than 149 research projects as part of MKULTRA. In one, they tested the effects of LSD in social situations by slipping the drug to unwitting bar patrons in New York and San Francisco. In others, they enticed heroin addicts to take the hallucinogen by offering them heroin. [Trippy Tales: The History of 8 Hallucinogens]

Spooked by the Watergate scandal, in 1973 CIA Director Richard Helms ordered documents related to the project destroyed. However, some documents escaped destruction, and by 1977 a Freedom of Information Act request released more than 20,000 pages on the sordid program to author John Marks.

4. Deadly nurses

While the CIA was working so hard to control people's minds, it turns out it's pretty easy to get people to do what you say: All you have to do is ask like you mean it.

In 1963, social psychologist Stanley Milgram had shown that Yale University students were willing to administer a deadly shock to strangers if an authority figure requested it.

But psychiatrist Charles Hofling wanted to see how obedience influenced decisions when people didn't know they were part of an experiment. In his innocuously titled 1966 paper "An Experimental Study of Nurse-Physician Relationships," Hofling described a chilling experimental protocol: An unknown doctor called real nurses on the hospital's night shift and asked them to administer twice the maximum dose of an unapproved drug to a patient. Unbeknown to the nurses, the "medicine" was actually a harmless sugar pill and the doctor was a fake.

While it's frightening that the experiment was given the green light at all, it's perhaps even scarier that 21 out of 22 nurses complied. The researchers clearly labeled the drug, so nurses knew they were overdosing their patients. The nurses also violated hospital rules by taking instructions over the phone and giving an unapproved medicine. The study showed just how much the aura of authority could cloud people's ethical judgments.

5. Bat bombs

In World War II, the U.S. Marine Corps worked on a project to train bats as kamikaze bombers against the Japanese. A Pennsylvania dentist, Lytle Adams, first proposed the idea to the White House in 1942, after visiting the bat-filled caves at Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico. Adams proposed strapping tiny incendiary explosives to the animals and exploiting their use of echolocation to find roosts in barns and attics. According to Lytle's plan, the bomb-strapped bats would fly to Japan, nestle in the nooks of the mostly wooden buildings in Japanese cities, and set them ablaze.

The Marine Corps captured thousands of Mexican free-tailed bats and developed explosive devices to strap to their backs. The project was scrapped in 1943, probably because the U.S. government had made progress on the atomic bomb.

Copyright 2012 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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FOX News: Moon's mysterious 'ocean of storms' explained

FOX News
FOXNews.com - Breaking news and video. Latest Current News: U.S., World, Entertainment, Health, Business, Technology, Politics, Sports. // via fulltextrssfeed.com
Moon's mysterious 'ocean of storms' explained
Oct 30th 2012, 18:00

The largest dark spot on the moon, known as the Ocean of Storms, may be a scar from a giant cosmic impact that created a magma sea more than a thousand miles wide and several hundred miles deep, researchers say.

These findings could help explain why the moon's near and far sides are so very different from one another, investigators added.

Scientists analyzed Oceanus Procellarum, or the Ocean of Storms, a dark spot on the near side of the moon more than 1,800 miles wide.

The near side of the moon, the side that always faces Earth, is quite different from the far side, often erroneously called the moon's dark side (this side does in fact get sunlight — it simply never faces Earth). For example, widespread plains of volcanic rock called "maria" (Latin for seas) cover nearly a third of the near side, but only a few maria are seen on the far one.

'[The collision would have generated] a 3,000-kilometer wide magma sea several hundred kilometers in depth.'

- Japanese planetary scientist Ryosuke Nakamura

Researchers have posed a number of explanations for the vast disparity between the moon's near and far sides. Some have suggested that a tiny second moon may once have orbited Earth before catastrophically slamming into the other moon, spreading its remains mostly on the moon's far side. Others have proposed that Earth's pull on the moon caused distortions that were later frozen in place on the moon's near side.

Similarly, Mars' northern and southern halves are also stark contrasts from one another, and researchers had suggested that a monstrous impact may have been the cause. Now scientists in Japan say that a giant collision may also explain the moon's two-faced nature, one that gave rise to the Ocean of Storms.

The researchers analyzed the composition of the moon's surface using data from the Japanese lunar orbiter Kaguya/Selene. These data revealed that a low-calcium variety of the mineral pyroxene is concentrated around Oceanus Procellarum and large impact craters such as the South Pole-Aitkenand Imbriumbasins. This type of pyroxene is linked with the melting and excavation of material from the lunar mantle, and suggests the Ocean of Storms is a leftover from a cataclysmic impact.

This collision would have generated "a 3,000-kilometer wide magma sea several hundred kilometers in depth," lead study author Ryosuke Nakamura, a planetary scientist at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in Tsukuba, Japan, told SPACE.com.

The investigators say that collisions large enough to create Oceanus Procellarum and the moon's other giant impact basins would have completely stripped the original crust on the near side of the moon. The crust that later formed there from the molten rock left after these impacts would differ dramatically from that on the far side, explaining why these halves are so distinct.

Some researchers had speculated that the Procellarum basin was the relic of a gigantic impact. However, this idea was hotly debated because there were no definite topographic signs it was an impact basin, "possibly because the formation date was too old, maybe more than 4 billion years," Nakamura said. "Our discovery provides the first compositional evidence of this idea, which could be confirmed by future lunar sample return missions, such as Moonrise," a proposed NASA mission that would send an unmanned probe to collect lunar dirt and return it to Earth.

"The neighboring Earth likely experienced similar-sized impacts around the same period," Nakamura added. "It would have had a great effect on the onset of Earth's continental crust formation and the beginning of life."

The scientists detailed their findings online Oct. 28 in the journal Nature Geoscience.

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