FOX News: Massive laser inching closer to mastering fusion power

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Massive laser inching closer to mastering fusion power Oct 8th 2013, 18:15 Researchers at Lawrence Livermore's National Ignition Facility in California have taken one small step closer towards mastering fusion -- the process that powers the sun and may ultimately solve the world's energy problems. Fusion is similar to fission, where atoms are split releasing massive amounts of energy. But instead of being torn apart, fusion welds atoms together. It's a "perfect power" because more energy is released than used, and a sort of holy grail for physicists. To attempt fusion, NIF scientists use an ultrapowerful laser system, which melds 192 laser beams into a single incredible burst of energy, to heat and compress a small capsule of hydrogen fuel to the point where fusion reactions take place. The result of a late September test: the amount of energy released through the fusion reaction was greater than the amount of energy used. This is a first for all fusion facilities in the world, the BBC reported. Reached on the phone by FoxNews.com, a NIF spokeswoman was unable to comment on the record due to the government slimdown. 'We're working on the bleeding edge of fusion physics.' - Ed Moses, principle associate director for NIF and Photon Science The achievement was just one small part of the reaction needed to achieve fusion, a state NIF labels "ignition." But along with other successes, it moves the chains closer to the ultimate goal. In mid-August, the National Ignition Facility passed another milestone: The facility was activated for 14 billionths of a second and its power pointed at a tiny capsule of fuel. They generated approximately 350 trillion watts of power -- hundreds of times more than the entire United States consumes at any given instant. "We're working in a place where no human has ever gone before," Ed Moses, principle associate director for NIF and Photon Science, told FoxNews.com at the time. "We're working on the bleeding edge of fusion physics." In the August test, NIF dialed down the laser beam's power and tweaked it, for tremendous results. We lowered the energy a tiny bit -- about 5 percent -- but more important, we changed the shape of the energy pulse. We moved energy from the back of the pulse to the front. We got three times the energy out," Moses told FoxNews.com. "Our goal is to get fusion burn -- more energy out than we put in." The September success was likely due to a similar tweak to the energy pulse. Because the laser is on for the merest fraction of a second, it costs little to operate -- between $5 and $20 per blast. Still, the cost of the facility has raised temperatures in Washington. The gigantic laser lab was built in California for $3.5 billion in 2008, and ran up approximately $1.5 billion more in operating costs over the past five years. Despite the latest success, ignition hasn't happened, and NIF's managers admitted to Congress in December of 2012 that they can't guarantee that it will ever succeed. "At present, it is too early to assess whether or not ignition can be achieved at the National Ignition Facility," wrote Thomas P. D'Agostino, administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) in a report requested by Congress last year. Congress had given the facility until the end of 2012 to achieve its goal of ignition. The NNSA report proposed instead a three-year program to better understand why the actual implosion does not agree with scientific models.  And three years may not be enough. "The three-year plan culminates in a comprehensive review at the end of FY 2015. At that time, NNSA will have an assessment of the likelihood and schedule for achieving ignition," the report said.

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